Microbiome-driven precision psychiatry: integrating multi-omics, artificial intelligence, and personalized interventions along the gut-brain axis.

INTRODUCTIONThis scoping review maps evidence for microbiome-driven precision psychiatry in depression and anxiety.

METHODSFollowing JBI guidance and PRISMA-ScR, we searched PubMed/MEDLINE and PubMed Central from inception to July 2026, supplemented by Google Scholar and backward citation searching. Human primary studies were screened and charted; findings were synthesized narratively.

RESULTSOf 58 identified records, 49 remained after deduplication, 35 full texts were assessed, and 28 studies were included. The evidence was predominantly observational. Taxonomic findings varied across populations, while studies of microbial functions, metabolites, multi-omics signatures, and treatment response suggested potential for biological stratification. Microbiome-targeted interventions and artificial intelligence models remain exploratory.

DISCUSSIONMicrobiome-derived biomarkers and predictive models require standardized methods, independent validation, and prospective evidence of clinical utility before routine psychiatric use.