Cas9-PALB2 fusion protein enhances CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene knock-in efficiency.

Over the past decade, CRISPR-based technologies have revolutionized our capacity to manipulate genomes, thereby reshaping the landscape of functional genomics research. Among the CRISPR toolkit, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR) enables precise genome editing with predefined mutations, rendering it an indispensable tool for gene functional analysis, disease model construction, and the development of gene therapy strategies. Nevertheless, despite the robust efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 in mediating gene knockouts, HDR-dependent gene knock-in (KI) remains a major bottleneck due to its inherently low efficiency. Herein, we report that the co-expression of PALB2 with the CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease could trigger an enhanced HDR effect. Specifically, the fusion of Cas9 with PALB2 elevated KI efficiency by approximately 1.7-fold in human HEK293T cells. Furthermore, this Cas9-PALB2 fusion strategy exhibited cross-cell-type efficacy, demonstrating its broad applicability beyond a single cell line. Notably, the combined application of the Cas9-PALB2 fusion system and Nocodazole further boosted KI efficiency to a remarkable 25.5%. Collectively, these findings establish the Cas9-PALB2 fusion as a highly potent and versatile strategy to augment HDR-mediated KI efficiency, highlighting its substantial potential for widespread utilization in applications that demand high-fidelity genome editing.