Gene editing techniques in cancer research.

The process of editing genes has emerged as a game-changing instrument in the field of cancer research. It has the potential to provide a whole new understanding of the biology of tumors and to facilitate the creation of tailored medicines. Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system are the three basic methods of gene editing techniques that are discussed in this chapter. We investigate the protocol modifications that are specific to each approach, focusing on high-prevalence tumors, and we investigate the utility, efficiency, and application issues that are associated with each technique in oncology. In addition, we describe current developments in improving these methods to successfully target oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, with the goal of driving forward advances in precision cancer therapy.