[The new generation tool for CRISPR genome editing: CRISPR/Cpf1].

Almost all archaea and many bacteria achieve adaptive immunity through a diverse set of CRISPR-Cas systems. From 2012, Cas9 has been harnessed by thousands of laboratories for genome editing applications in a variety of experimental model systems. Cas9 is driving innovative applications from basic biology to biotechnology and medicine. However, numerous challenges still remain, such as limited targeting range, toxicity, and potential for off-target mutagenesis. Cpf1 represents a class 2/type V CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease that is distinct from the type II CRISPR Cas9 nuclease. Future exploration of strategies using Cpf1 is expected to bring solutions for some of the biggest challenges facing genome editing. Here, we review the development and applications of Cpf1 for a variety of research or applications, and highlight challenges as well as future directions.