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Effect of moderate aerobic exercises on symptoms of functional dyspepsia.
BACKGROUND: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a commonly encountered entity worldwide and is difficult to treat. Most of the treatment modalities have low-quality evidence for use, except for proton pump inhibitors. Aerobic exercise has been shown to improve the symptoms, but its direct effect on symptoms has never been studied. The objective was to study the effects of moderate aerobic exercise on symptoms of FD and to compare the effect of conventional treatment alone vs. exercise plus conventional treatment. METHODS: Out of 112 patients, 72 were randomly divided into controls (conventional treatment; n=36) and experimental (aerobic exercise for 30 min per session, 5 times a week for 6 weeks with conventional treatment; n=36) groups. Both the groups were assessed on day 1 and at the end of 6 weeks, using Glasgow Dyspepsia Severity Score (GDSS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-42 (DASS-42), and visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: Pre-treatment GDSS, DASS-42, and VAS in the experimental group were significantly different as compared to the post-treatment scores (p=0.00019, p=0.0002, p=0.00019, respectively). Even in the control group, pre- and post-treatment GDSS, DASS-42, and VAS scores were significantly different (p=0.00019, p=0.0002, p=0.00019, respectively). However, on the head-to-head comparison of the 2 groups, scores at the end of 6 weeks were significantly different (p< 0.05), in favor of the experimental group. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise as an auxiliary therapy to conventional treatment has better outcomes in the functional well-being of dyspepsia.
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[Physical activity - the Holy Grail of modern medicine?].
Movement is the basic attribute of life. It is not surprising that the return to regular physical activity is a very effective and cheap means of preventing and treating most non-cummunicable diseases. Therefore, every physician should be able to prescribe a suitable physical activity. The minimum amount of physical activity with proven effects in primary prevention of chronic diseases is relatively low: 150 minutes of moderate physical activity or 75 minutes of high intensity exercise per week or a combination of the two. The simplest and safe way of physical activity is walking (at least 10 000 steps/day or 6 000 steps/day on top of daily activities). The FITT model is a more sophisticated way of prescribing physical activity that already requires a stress test. Patients at risk of atherosclerosis or with any manifestation of atherosclerosis (patients with coronary artery disease, post-stroke, peripheral artery disease) benefit from exercise as well as patients with chronic heart failure. Physical activity also helps patients with lung disease (COPD, asthma), metabolic diseases (diabetes mellitus, obesity, osteoporosis) and also rheumatologic diseases. Regular exercise improves cognitive function, reduces depression and anxiety, and helps addicted people. Recently, it has been shown that exercise also changes the gut microbiome. One of the mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effect of exercise is so-called "exercise factors" - myokines. Physical activity, when properly prescribed, is an inexpensive and universal medication with minimal side effects. It is our "home pharmacy" we always have with us.Key words: cancer - cardiovascular diseases - neuropsychiatric diseases - physical activity - type 2 diabetes.
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Adolescent use of potential novel probiotic Rouxiella badensis subsp. acadiensis (Canan SV-53) mitigates pubertal LPS-Induced behavioral changes in adulthood in a sex-specific manner by modulating 5HT1A receptors expression in specific brain areas.
Adolescence is a critical period of development during which the brain undergoes significant remodeling that impacts behavior later in life. Exposure to stress, and especially immune challenge, during this period triggers changes in brain function resulting in the development of mental disorders in adulthood, such as depression and anxiety. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that a single exposure to LPS (lipopolysaccharide) during puberty causes enduring depression-like behaviour in females and anxiety-like behaviours in males. However, administration of probiotics during puberty blocked the enduring effects of LPS on depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors in female and male mice, respectively. These results suggest that the gut microbiome is a mediator of the effects of stress on mental health. The objective of the current study is to examine the effectiveness of a novel probiotic Rouxiella badensis subsp. acadiensis (Canan SV-53) in blocking LPS-induced anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in adult male and female mice. Our results showed that Rouxiella badensis subsp. acadiensis (Canan SV-53) blocked LPS-induced depression-like behavior in female mice. We also found that pubertal treatment with Rouxiella badensis subsp. acadiensis (Canan SV-53) mitigated the LPS-induced decrease in 5HT1A expression in CA1 as well as the LPS-induced increase in 5HT1A expression in the raphe-nuclei in female mice. Contrary to our predictions, pubertal LPS treatment at 6 weeks of age did not induce enduring anxiety-like behavior in males. There was also no difference in anxiety-like behavior between the LPS-sucrose and LPS-probiotic male groups. However, pubertal LPS treatment increased the expression of 5HT1A receptors in the DRN in males, while probiotic exposure mitigated this increase. Our study highlights the consequences of stress exposure (immune challenge) on mental health in adulthood taking into consideration 5HT1A receptors expression at different regions of the brain. It also emphasizes on the importance of considering adolescence as window of opportunities during which probiotic use can alleviate the long-term neural and behavioral alterations induced by stress.
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Role of the gut-brain axis via the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve in stress resilience of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in mice exposed to chronic restrain stress.
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is the most widely used illicit substance worldwide. Nevertheless, recent observational studies demonstrated that lifetime MDMA use among U.S. adults was associated with a lower risk of depression and suicide thoughts. We recently reported that the gut-brain axis may contribute to MDMA-induced stress resilience in mice. To further explore this, we investigated the effects of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (SDV) in modulating the stress resilience effects of MDMA in mice subjected to chronic restrain stress (CRS). Pretreatment with MDMA (10 mg/kg/day for 14 days) blocked anhedonia-like behavior and reduced expression of synaptic proteins and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of CRS-exposed mice. Interestingly, SDV blocked the beneficial effects of MDMA on these alterations in CRS-exposed mice. Analysis of gut microbiome revealed alterations in four measures of α-diversity between the sham + MDMA + CRS group and the SDV + MDMA + CRS group. Moreover, specific microbes differed between the vehicle + CRS group and the MDMA + CRS group, and further differences in microbial composition were observed among all four groups. Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that SDV prevented the increase in plasma levels of three compounds [lactic acid, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol, 8-acetyl-7-hydroxyvumaline] observed in the sham + MDMA + CRS group. Interestingly, positive correlations were found between the plasma levels of two of these compounds and the abundance of several microbes across all groups. In conclusion, our data suggest that the gut-brain axis via the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve might contribute to the stress resilience of MDMA.
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Effect of very low-protein diets supplemented with branched-chain amino acids on energy balance, plasma metabolomics and fecal microbiome of pigs.
Feeding pigs with very-low protein (VLP) diets while supplemented with limiting amino acids (AA) results in decreased growth. The objective of this study was to determine if supplementing VLP diets with branched-chain AA (BCAA) would reverse the negative effects of these diets on growth and whether this is associated with alterations in energy balance, blood metabolomics and fecal microbiota composition. Twenty-four nursery pigs were weight-matched, individually housed and allotted into following treatments (n = 8/group): control (CON), low protein (LP) and LP supplemented with BCAA (LP + BCAA) for 4 weeks. Relative to CON, pigs fed with LP had lower feed intake (FI) and body weight (BW) throughout the study, but those fed with LP + BCAA improved overall FI computed for 4 weeks, tended to increase the overall average daily gain, delayed the FI and BW depression for ~ 2 weeks and had transiently higher energy expenditure. Feeding pigs with LP + BCAA impacted the phenylalanine and protein metabolism and fatty acids synthesis pathways. Compared to CON, the LP + BCAA group had higher abundance of Paludibacteraceae and Synergistaceae and reduced populations of Streptococcaceae, Oxyphotobacteria_unclassified, Pseudomonadaceae and Shewanellaceae in their feces. Thus, supplementing VLP diets with BCAA temporarily annuls the adverse effects of these diets on growth, which is linked with alterations in energy balance and metabolic and gut microbiome profile.
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Gut microbiota signature in a cohort of Chinese patients with rosacea.
BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by diverse symptoms and variable clinical progression, which can significantly impair patients' quality of life and mental health. The exact etiology of rosacea remains elusive. It has been hypothesized that specific microorganisms may trigger symptom onset and play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of the disease. OBJECTIVE: We performed a case-control study to investigate the gut microbiome of rosacea patients compared to controls matched by age, sex in China. METHODS: The study cohort comprised eight patients diagnosed with rosacea and eight age- and sex-matched healthy controls residing in Beijing. Metagenomic sequencing was performed using on a llumina Novaseq 6000 platform. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to evaluate the severity of anxiety and depression of rosacea patients. Skindex-16 score was used to assess dermatology-specific health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in patients with rosacea. The clinical evaluation of acne was done using the ECLA score. RESULTS: The rosacea patients showed higher HADS and Skindex-16 score (15.375 ± 1.302 and 46 ± 9.75 respectively) vs healthy controls (3.425 ± 1.308 and 0 respectively). A clear distinction was observed between the rosacea group and the control group, characterized by a significant increase in the abundance of Turicibacter_sp._TJ11, Turicibacter_sp._H121,Turicibacter_sp._TA25,Turicibacter_sp._T129,Ruminococcus_sp._AF18-22,Ruminococcus_sp._CAG:379,Ruminococcus_sp._AM2829LB,Ruminococcus_callidus, Ruminococcus_sp._AM36-18,Ruminococcus_sp._AF43-11,Ruminococcus_sp._AM28-41,Streptococcus sp. 23.2,Streptococcus infantarius, Streptococcus vestibularis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus gordonii, Clostridium_sp._CAG:798, Clostridium_tertium, Alistipes_sp._Z76 and Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_XBB2008in the rosacea group. In contrast, reduced levels were detected in the rosacea group for Clostridium_sp._AF12-41, Clostridium_sp._CAG:299, Clostridium_sp._OM05-5BH,Clostridium_sp._AF24-2LB, Clostridium_sp._AM18-55, Clostridium_sp._CAG:43, Clostridium_sp._OM047,Clostridium_sp._TF1113AC,Clostridium_sp._OF134,Clostridium_disporicum, Butyrivibrio_sp._CB08,Butyrivibrio_sp._INlla14, Roseburia_sp._CAG:50 (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that Gemmiger_sp._An120 was positively correlated with Skindex-16 and negatively correlated with ECLA score (P < 0.05). Clostridium_sp._CAG:299 was negatively correlated with HADS scores and positive correlation with ECLA score (P < 0.05). KEGG pathway analysis found KO05034, KO04024 and KO00920 pathways exhibited increased activity in the Rosacea group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The gut microbiota in individuals with rosacea displayed changed from that of healthy control. These microbial alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of rosacea through multiple mechanisms, including impairment of the intestinal barrier function, induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and modulation of neurotransmitter synthesis. By integrating taxonomic shifts with functional alterations, this study provides deeper insights into the gut ecosystem changes associated with systemic inflammation in rosacea.
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Microbiome-Informed Precision Electroconvulsive Therapy: Oral-Gut-Immune Signatures and Seizure Biology as Candidate Predictors of Response-A Narrative Review.
Background/Objectives: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is among the most effective treatments for severe major depression, treatment-resistant depression, psychotic and bipolar depression, catatonia, and selected psychotic disorders. Yet response, remission, seizure adequacy, and cognitive tolerability remain difficult to predict for an individual patient. This review examines whether oral and gut microbial signatures can inform precision ECT as contextual biological markers, rather than as standalone explanations of ECT efficacy. Methods: A structured narrative PubMed/MEDLINE search was conducted on 1 May 2026 and supplemented by targeted manual searches of Crossref, Google Scholar, journal websites, and reference lists updated through 17 May 2026. Evidence was grouped as direct human ECT-microbiome studies, indirect human ECT biomarker studies, preclinical electroconvulsive shock (ECS) studies, and mechanistic microbiome-gut-brain literature. Results: Direct human ECT-microbiome evidence remains very limited and currently consists of two small prospective cohorts with sufficient microbiome data, totaling approximately 25 patients across studies, plus one single-patient case report. In severe or treatment-resistant depression, a pilot oral microbiome study with sufficient microbiological data from 14 patients reported higher pre-treatment oral alpha diversity in responders than in non-responders, without a consistent global oral microbiome shift after ECT. In schizophrenia, a small stool microbiome cohort of 11 patients suggested that baseline Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus proportions may relate to symptom improvement, although sample size and confounding preclude firm inference. Conclusions: Microbiome-informed precision ECT remains a biologically plausible research direction, but current human evidence supports only cautious evaluation of baseline microbial context as a candidate predictor, not clinical microbiome-guided ECT, mediation, or microbiome-modifying intervention. The strongest current biological bridge comes from inflammatory markers, particularly baseline CRP and IL-6. Preclinical ECS studies support gut inflammatory, motility and vagal mechanisms, but they cannot substitute for human validation.
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Repetitive xenon treatment improves post-stroke sensorimotor and neuropsychiatric dysfunction.
Stroke is a life-changing event as stroke survivors experience changes in personality, emotions and mood. We investigated the effect of xenon gas encapsulated in liposomes on stroke-generated sensorimotor impairments, and anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes. Ischemic stroke was created by the intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 6 h followed by reperfusion in rats. Xenon-liposome (6 mg/kg, intravenous) treatment was given multiple times starting at 2 h post-ischemia through 6 h (5X), and once-daily for next 3 days. Rats underwent ischemic injury displayed sensorimotor deficits in the adhesive removal, vibrissae-evoked forelimb placement and rotarod tests. These animals also made lesser entries and spent less time on open arms of the elevated-plus maze and swam more in passive mode in the forced swimming test, indicating anxiety- and depression-like behaviors at 28- and 35-days post-injury, respectively. Repeated intravenous treatment with xenon-liposomes ameliorated these behavioral aberrations (p < 0.05). Gut microbiome analysis (16S ribosomal-RNA gene sequencing) showed a decrease in the Clostridium clusters XI, XIVa, XVIII and Lactobacillus bacterium, and increase of the Prevotella in the xenon-liposome group. No microbiota communities were majorly affected across the treatments. Moreover, xenon treatment group showed augmented plasma levels of IL-6 cytokines (∼5 fold) on day-35 post-ischemia, while no change was noticed in the IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and MCP-1 levels. Our data highlights the safety, behavioral recovery and reversal of post-stroke brain injury following xenon-liposome treatment in an extended ischemic model. These results show the potential for this treatment strategy to be translated to patients with stroke.
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Psychobiotics in mental health, neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Psychobiotics are a group of probiotics that affect the central nervous system (CNS) related functions and behaviors mediated by the gut-brain-axis (GBA) via immune, humoral, neural, and metabolic pathways to improve not only the gastrointestinal (GI) function but also the antidepressant and anxiolytic capacity. As a novel class of probiotics, the application of psychobiotics has led researchers to focus on a new area in neuroscience. In the past five years, some psychobiotics strains were reported to inhibit inflammation and decreased cortisol levels, resulting in an amelioration of the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Psychobiotics are efficacious in improving neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Use of psychobiotics can improve GI function, ASD symptoms, motor functions of patients with PD and cognition in patients with AD. However, the evidence for the effects of psychobiotics on mental and neurological conditions/disorders remains limited. Further studies of psychobiotics are needed in order to determine into their effectiveness and mechanism as treatments for various psychiatric disorders in the future.
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Diet and depression.