Your browser does not allow saving data (e.g. private mode): bookmarks will be lost when the tab closes.
Search PubMed
Keywords, author, journal, years — results from PubMed, abstracts with Russian translation, bookmarks in your browser.
Found: 3 219
Page 288 of 322-
Trihexyphenidyl Alters Its Host's Metabolism, Neurobehavioral Patterns, and Gut Microbiome Feedback Loop-The Modulating Role of Anacyclus pyrethrum.
Trihexyphenidyl (THP)-a synthetic anticholinergic medication used to manage parkinsonism and extrapyramidal symptoms-has gained significant clinical recognition. However, there is a critical gap in understanding its withdrawal effects. This study investigates the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and oxidative stress during THP withdrawal. Furthermore, it explores the therapeutic potential of Anacyclus pyrethrum (AEAP) for alleviating the associated adverse effects. This comprehensive research combines behavioral tests, biochemical analysis, gut microbiome assessment utilizing matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and oxidative stress measures. The results reveal that the chronic administration of THP leads to severe withdrawal syndrome, marked by heightened anxiety, depressive-like behaviors, increased cortisol levels, elevated oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis. However, the administration of AEAP alongside THP shows a significant capacity to mitigate these deleterious effects. Co-treatment and post-treatment with AEAP increased bacterial density and diversity, promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria associated with improved gut health. Furthermore, AEAP administration reduced cortisol levels and exhibited potent antioxidant properties, effectively countering the THP-induced oxidative damage. This study highlights the withdrawal effects of THP and underscores the therapeutic potential of AEAP for managing these symptoms. The findings reveal its promising effects in alleviating behavioral and biochemical impairments, reducing oxidative stress, and restoring gut microbiota, which could significantly impact the clinical management of THP withdrawal and potentially extend to other substance withdrawal scenarios.
-
Nutritional psychology and inflammatory bowel disease: a narrative review of gut-brain axis interactions.
This paper explores the intricate relationship between Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and psychopathology, with a particular focus on anxiety and depression. This narrative review synthesizes recent findings on how dietary factors and nutritional psychology influence the gut-brain axis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The bidirectional gut-brain axis, chronic inflammation, and psychological stress are all key contributors to the mental health burden in IBD patients. The paper reviews the physiological mechanisms linking IBD and psychiatric symptoms, particularly how inflammation and gut microbiota composition may influence mood disorders. It addresses the variability in psychiatric comorbidities across IBD subtypes (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) and highlights the challenges in standardized diagnosis and treatment. Emerging research on microbiome-based therapies, nutritional interventions, and personalized care approaches offers promising solutions for improving gastrointestinal and mental health outcomes. Integrating multidisciplinary care, involving gastroenterologists, psychiatrists, and dietitians, alongside advances in precision medicine, holds potential for developing more effective, individualized treatment strategies. However, challenges remain regarding variability in patient responses, methodological inconsistencies, and the need for standardized clinical protocols. The paper concludes by calling for further research to clarify these relationships and optimize treatment for IBD patients struggling with both physical and psychological health challenges.
-
Correction for Taylor et al., "Depression in Individuals Coinfected with HIV and HCV Is Associated with Systematic Differences in the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome".
-
Microbiome restoration diet improves digestion, cognition and physical and emotional wellbeing.
Manipulating gut bacteria in the microbiome, through the use of probiotics and prebiotics, has been found to have an influence on both physical and emotional wellbeing. This study uses a dietary manipulation 'The Gut Makeover' designed to elicit positive changes to the gut bacteria within the microbiome. 21 healthy participants undertook 'The Gut Makeover' for a four week period. Weight and various aspects of health were assessed pre and post intervention using the Functional Medicine Medical Symptoms Questionnaire (MSQ). Paired sample t-tests revealed a significant reduction in self-reported weight at the end of the intervention. Adverse medical symptoms related to digestion, cognition and physical and emotional wellbeing, were also significantly reduced during the course of the dietary intervention. The intervention, designed to manipulate gut bacteria, had a significant impact on digestion, reducing IBS type symptoms in this non-clinical population. There was also a striking reduction in negative symptoms related to cognition, memory and emotional wellbeing, including symptoms of anxiety and depression. Dietary gut microbiome manipulations may have the power to exert positive physical and psychological health benefits, of a similar nature to those reported in studies using pre and probiotics. The small sample size and lack of control over confounding variables means that it will be important to replicate these findings in larger-scale controlled, prospective, clinical trials. This dietary microbiome intervention has the potential to improve physical and emotional wellbeing in the general population but also to be investigated as a treatment option for individuals with conditions as diverse as IBS, anxiety, depression and Alzheimer's disease.
-
Gut viral metagenomics identifies viral signatures and their role in depression.
BACKGROUND: The gut microbiome has been implicated in the onset and progression of depression. Yet, the role of the gut virome in depression remains unexplored, and a diagnostic model has not been satisfactorily constructed. METHODS: Herein, we analysed the gut virome profiles of 29 patients with depression and 33 healthy controls using bulk metagenome sequencing. RESULTS: A total of 45 differentially abundant viral taxa were identified, among which four, s_Stenotrophomonas_virus_Pokken, g_Pokkenvirus, s_Dickeya_virus_AD1, and g_Alexandravirus, demonstrated strong diagnostic potential (AUCs > 0.8). These four viruses also exhibited strong correlations, suggesting they may constitute a synergistic ecological cluster. Function annotation revealed seven metabolic pathways with significant differences, including alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis, and energy metabolism in patients with depression. CONCLUSION: This study identified four distinct viral signatures for depression and proposes novel viral biomarkers for the diagnosis of depression, offering a robust diagnostic approach and new insights into the pathological mechanisms of depression.
-
Empirical evidence for gut microbial influence on human brain neurochemistry via the gut-brain axis.
The gut microbiome produces metabolites with potential neuroactive properties, many of which act locally within the gut. While preclinical studies suggest these microbial pathways can influence cognitive and emotional processes, human evidence remains limited. This study investigates associations between gut microbiome-derived neuroactive functional potential and in vivo brain neurotransmitter concentrations in healthy young females. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS), we quantified GABA and glutamate levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and inferior occipital gyrus (IOG). Parallel metagenomic profiling characterised microbial functional potential for pathways related to the synthesis and degradation of GABA, glutamate, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), p-cresol, and inositol. Region-specific associations were observed between these microbial pathways and cortical GABA and glutamate levels, including excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance, a key marker of neuroplasticity and mental health. Notably, microbial glutamate degradation and inositol synthesis potential were associated with IOG E/I balance, while additional pathways including GABA metabolism, p-cresol production, and SCFA synthesis showed distinct associations across regions. Exploratory analyses also identified links between microbial functional potential and anxiety, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. Together, these findings provide new human evidence that variation in microbial functional potential corresponds with regional cortical neurochemistry and psychological wellbeing, highlighting the gut-brain axis as a promising avenue for mechanistically informed microbiome-based- interventions.
-
Camel milk-based probiotics: functional properties, gut health benefits, and emerging implications for the gut-brain axis-a comprehensive review.
UNLABELLED: Camel milk is gaining scientific interest for its unique composition, including bioactive proteins, high antimicrobial peptides (lactoferrin, lysozyme), immunomodulatory components, and lower allergenic potential compared to bovine milk, positioning it as a promising matrix for probiotic delivery. Probiotics support gut homeostasis and may influence the gut-brain axis via microbial metabolites (SCFAs, GABA), immune modulation, and neuroactive compound production. This review critically assesses current evidence on camel milk-based probiotics, emphasizing functional properties, effects on gut microbiota, gastrointestinal benefits, and emerging implications for the gut-brain axis (inflammation reduction, metabolic signaling, neurotransmitter pathways). Drawing from in vitro studies, animal models (e.g., colitis, EAE, diabetes), and limited human trials, we evaluate translational relevance. Preliminary findings suggest benefits in gut health, microbiota modulation, and potential neuroprotection, but strain specificity, mechanistic details, and robust clinical efficacy remain limited. Significant knowledge gaps persist regarding optimal strains, dosing, and long-term effects. Rigorous, well-designed preclinical and clinical studies are essential to validate health claims and support development of camel milk-based functional products targeting gut and potential neurological health. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: The graphical abstract illustrates camel milk-derived probiotics as modulators of the gut-brain axis through interconnected pathways. Central mechanisms include microbiota modulation, synthesis of neuroactive compounds (SCFAs, GABA, neurotransmitters), immune regulation, and anti-inflammatory effects. Bidirectional communication between gut and brain occurs via neural, endocrine, and metabolic routes, with potential therapeutic applications for mental health disorders including depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-026-06765-x.
-
Altered Gut Microbiota and Plasma Metabolome Profiles Characterize Depression Individuals with Ischemic Stroke: A Comparative Analysis.
PURPOSE: Depression has been recognized as a significant risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS). This study aimed to describe gut microbiota differences between depression people with and without IS, thereby establishing the link between gut microbiota and an elevated risk of IS development in people with depression. PEOPLE AND METHODS: This study included 30 hospitalized patients with comorbid depression and IS, and 30 age-/sex-matched patients with depression alone. We used two approaches: (1) genetic analysis techniques (16S rRNA gene sequencing) to map gut microbial ecosystems, and (2) broad-spectrum chemical (nontargeted metabolomics) analysis to detect blood metabolites. RESULTS: Alpha (α)-diversity and beta (β)-diversity of people with depression, with or without IS, did not show significant differences between the two groups. The IS group showed increased levels of gut bacteria carrying pro-inflammatory molecules, specifically Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) components, the Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) value =4.177, P=0.014. Alongside, the IS group reduced populations of beneficial microbes that produce butyric acid important for gut health, such as Acidaminococcaceae (LDA value =4.045, P=0.014), Roseburia (LDA value =3.894, P=0.007), and Fusicatenibacter (LDA value =3.345, P=0.012), compared to the non-IS group. 38 plasma metabolites with significant differences between people with IS and non-IS groups. The abundance of Alloprevotella and Bacteroides massiliensis was correlated with 9 and 4 metabolites, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted that people with depression and IS exhibited distinct alterations in both their gut microbiome and metabolite profiles, in contrast to people with depression without IS. These findings may guide future interventions targeting gut microbiota to identify IS in depression people.
-
The brain-gut axis: communication mechanisms and the role of the microbiome as a neuroprotective factor in the development of neurodegenerative diseases: A literature overview.
The study of the brain-gut axis and its impact on cognitive function and in the development of neurodegenerative diseases is a very timely topic of interest to researchers. This review summarizes information on the basic mechanisms of gut-brain communication. We then discuss the roles of the gut microbiome as a neuroprotective factor in neurodegeneration. The gut microbiota is extremely important in maintaining the body's homeostasis, shaping the human immune system and the proper functioning of the brain. The intestinal microflora affects the processes of neuroplasticity, synaptogenesis, and neuronal regeneration. This review aims to explain changes in the composition of the bacterial population of the intestinal microflora among patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Abnormalities in gut microflora composition are also noted in stress, depression, or autism spectrum development. New observations on psychobiotic supplementation in alleviating the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases are also presented.
-
Characteristics of Gut Microbiota and Plasma Metabolites in Patients with Post-Stroke Depression.
PURPOSE: The changes in gut microbiota and plasma metabolites have been proposed to play a key role in post stroke depression (PSD), but clinical study based on combined omics is still in lack. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of gut microbiota and plasma metabolites in patients 3 months after the onset of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), compare PSD and non-PSD groups, and explore possible diagnostic biomarkers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy patients with stroke were included at 3 months after AIS onset. Plasma and fecal samples were collected. Gut microbiome was examined using 16S rRNA sequencing, and plasma metabolites were assessed via targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Of the 70 patients with ischemic stroke, 25 (35.71%) were diagnosed with PSD. At the genus level, patients with PSD had increased abundance of Parabacteroides, Pyramidobacter, Anaeroglobus, Haliangium, Staphylococcus, CAG-56, Shuttleworthia, and Epulopiscium, and decreased levels of the Eubacterium eligens group and Prevotella. In patients with PSD, 12 plasma metabolites were altered, with cortisol and pyroglutamic acid levels increased, while 2-phosphoglyceric acid, 3-phosphoglycerate, phosphorylcholine, tryptophan, caffeine, N-methylalanine, ornithine, serotonin, theophylline, and vanillic acid were decreased. Enriched metabolic pathways included glutathione, tryptophan, and caffeine metabolism. Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between gut microbial dysregulation and major plasma metabolite alterations. The areas under the curve values of gut microbiota, plasma metabolites, and the combined dataset for PSD diagnosis were 0.704, 0.875, and 0.940, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study identified the characteristics of gut microbiota and plasma metabolites as well as a panel of combined biomarkers in 3-month PSD, possibly providing a new theoretical framework for diagnosis and treatment.