Браузер не даёт сохранять данные (например, приватный режим): закладки пропадут после закрытия вкладки.
Поиск статей PubMed
Ключевые слова, автор, журнал, годы — результаты из PubMed, аннотации с переводом на русский, закладки в браузере.
Найдено: 3 214
Страница 222 из 322-
Comprehensive Management of Ulcerative Colitis and its Associated Intra-Extra Intestinal Complications with a Multifunctional Inulin Hydrogel Complex.
Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dysbiosis of gut microbiota are pivotal etiological factors in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) and its associated intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations (e.g., intestinal microthrombosis, anxiety, and depression symptoms). This investigation presents a multifunctional inulin complex (PB/NKase@Inulin gel) incorporating Prussian blue nanozymes (PB NZs) and the thrombolytic agent nattokinase (NKase) for the therapeutic management of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC and its associated intestinal and extraintestinal complications. Following oral administration, the PB/NKase@Inulin gel, characterized by prolonged retention of PB NZs and NKase at inflamed colonic sites, can facilitate continuously ROS scavenging, attenuate oxidative stress damage, effectively reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Importantly, PB/NKase@Inulin gel can not only robustly inhibit inflammatory microthrombosis formation but also effectively lyses thrombi due to the potent thrombolytic properties of NKase both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the PB/NKase@Inulin gel is able to modulate gut microbiota homeostasis and alleviate multiple stresses responses (including anxiety and depression) in a UC mouse model via microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis interactions. Overall, the PB/NKase@Inulin gel offers an innovative paradigm for comprehensive therapeutic interventions in DSS-induced UC and its multifaceted complications.
-
Mechanisms and Methods to Understand Depressive Symptoms.
Depressive symptoms, feelings of sadness, anger, and loss that interfere with a person's daily life, are prevalent health concerns across populations that significantly result in adverse health outcomes with direct and indirect economic burdens at a national and global level. This article aims to synthesize known mechanisms of depressive symptoms and the established and emerging methodologies used to understand depressive symptoms; implications and directions for future nursing research are discussed. A comprehensive search was performed by Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE, and PUBMED databases between 2000-2021 to examine contributing factors of depressive symptoms. Many environmental, psychological, and physiological factors are associated with the development or increased severity of depressive symptoms (anhedonia, fatigue, sleep and appetite disturbances to depressed mood). This paper discusses biological and psychological theories that guide our understanding of depressive symptoms, as well as known biomarkers (gut microbiome, specific genes, multi-cytokine, and hormones) and established and emerging methods. Disruptions within the nervous system, hormonal and neurotransmitters levels, brain structure, gut-brain axis, leaky-gut syndrome, immune and inflammatory process, and genetic variations are significant mediating mechanisms in depressive symptomology. Nursing research and practice are at the forefront of furthering depressive symptoms' mechanisms and methods. Utilizing advanced technology and measurement tools (big data, machine learning/artificial intelligence, and multi-omic approaches) can provide insight into the psychological and biological mechanisms leading to effective intervention development. Thus, understanding depressive symptomology provides a pathway to improve patients' health outcomes, leading to reduced morbidity and mortality and the overall nation-wide economic burden.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2021.1998261 .
-
Are probiotics effective in reducing the metabolic side effects of psychiatric medication? A scoping review of evidence from clinical studies.
The psychopharmacological treatment of patients with schizophrenia or depression is often accompanied by serious side effects. In particular, the clinical findings of weight gain are worrying, as this side effect can lead to various medical sequelae in the future. However, the treatment of metabolic changes in psychiatric patients is often neglected or unsuccessful. An improved knowledge of possible therapeutic approaches is needed. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the utilisation and effectiveness of probiotics in reducing weight gain in patients with severe mental illness. A scoping review of studies published until 15 June 2022 was conducted to identify studies using probiotics in people with schizophrenia or depression. We systematically searched the databases EMBASE, PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science and SCOPUS with a predefined search string. In addition, reference lists of relevant publications were examined for additional studies. The studies were assessed by two reviewers. The primary outcomes were weight-related measurements. The secondary outcomes were metabolic blood parameters and gut microbiota. Four studies ultimately met the inclusion criteria. Two studies in which probiotics were administered did not find significant effects on pharmacologically induced weight gain. The other two studies examined the effects of synbiotics (a combination of probiotics and prebiotics). Interestingly, less weight gain was observed in individuals with this combined intervention. Adjustments in diet can be helpful and are generally well-accepted interventions in the fight against pharmacologically induced weight gain. The clinical use of probiotics and prebiotics (or synbiotics) as dietary interventions may represent a promising additional strategy in this regard. However, the few studies available showed no clear conclusions.
-
Bridging the Gut Microbiota and the Brain, Kidney, and Cardiovascular Health: The Role of Probiotics.
The symbiosis between intestinal bacteria and the human body's physiological processes can modulate health. The intestinal microbiota is linked to the development of neurotrophic factors; therefore, it is increasingly related to the modulation of nervous system pathologies. Moreover, microbiota can interfere with inflammation and oxidative stress, which are closely linked to cardiovascular risk factors and several other inflammatory conditions, such as kidney and neurodegenerative diseases. Probiotics are live microorganisms that help regulate and maintain healthy microbiota; thus, they can help prevent these diseases. Due to these reasons, this review aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics on the gut, kidneys, brain, and heart homeostasis. Clinical trials showed several positive results with the treatment. In the brain, probiotics reduce depressive symptoms (decreases in HAMA, GAD-7, and BDI-II scales), improving patients' sleep quality and fatigue, enhancing cognitive subscales while slowing brain atrophy, and reducing IL-6 levels in the central areas, also modulating REM delta power to reduce high-frequency brain waves. Probiotics can also reduce cardiovascular risk factors, such as inflammation. Probiotics can also benefit the heart by decreasing TMAO, LDL-c, TG, CRP, MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and urea levels, improving dyslipidemia and toxin profiles. Probiotics also increase HDL-c, ApoE, and insulin sensitivity, decreasing BMI, body fat, and the risk of developing chronic hyperglycemia while increasing lean mass. Besides, probiotic supplementation helped reduce toxic uremic toxins (serum urea) and sodium levels, bringing benefits to the kidneys, and improve energy/amino acid metabolism. Probiotics can also modulate and enhance kidney function due to decreased pro-inflammatory TGFβ-1 and TNF-α levels and RUNX2. Furthermore, enhanced gastrointestinal motility and diversity have been reported using specific bacteria. Although probiotics can bring several health benefits, there are still challenges regarding these supplements, such as dose, frequency, and pharmaceutical formula. Therefore, new studies are welcome to deepen the understanding of these microorganisms.
-
Gut microbiota-derived vitamins - underrated powers of a multipotent ally in psychiatric health and disease.
Despite the well-established roles of B-vitamins and their deficiencies in health and disease, there is growing evidence indicating a key role of those nutrients in functions of the central nervous system and in psychopathology. Clinical data indicate the substantial role of B-vitamins in various psychiatric disorders, including major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism, and dementia, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. As enzymatic cofactors, B-vitamins are involved in many physiological processes such as the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids, metabolism of tryptophan in the kynurenine pathway, homocysteine metabolism, synthesis and metabolism of various neurotransmitters and neurohormones including serotonin, dopamine, adrenaline, acetylcholine, GABA, glutamate, D-serine, glycine, histamine and melatonin. Those vitamins are highly involved in brain energetic metabolism and respiration at the cellular level. They have a broad range of anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Furthermore, some of those vitamins are involved in the regulation of permeability of the intestinal and blood-brain barriers. Despite the fact that a substantial amount of the above vitamins is acquired from various dietary sources, deficiencies are not uncommon, and it is estimated that micronutrient deficiencies affect about two billion people worldwide. The majority of gut-resident microbes and the broad range of bacteria available in fermented food, express genetic machinery enabling the synthesis and metabolism of B-vitamins and, consequently, intestinal microbiota and fermented food rich in probiotic bacteria are essential sources of B-vitamins for humans. All in all, there is growing evidence that intestinal bacteria-derived vitamins play a significant role in physiology and that dysregulation of the "microbiota-vitamins frontier" is related to various disorders. In this review, we will discuss the role of vitamins in mental health and explore the perspectives and potential of how gut microbiota-derived vitamins could contribute to mental health and psychiatric treatment.
-
Micro-encapsulation differentially impacts probiotic effects on brain structure and function in an elderly population - A randomised placebo-controlled trial.
Increasing evidence suggests that modulations of the gut-brain axis with probiotics impact healthy ageing. This double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled study compared effects of micro-encapsulated and non-encapsulated Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 in 87 community-dwelling elderly (60-80 years). Resting state functional connectivity differed significantly in regions involved in visual processing and perception between the two probiotic groups (p < 0.0001). Brain morphometry was not altered. Significant time*group effects (p < 0.05) were observed for processing speed, non-significant effects were observed for short-term memory and anxiety symptoms, while other cognitive domains, depression, perceived stress, and sleep quality were unaffected. Distribution of available and stored peripheral serotonin was significantly affected (p < 0.05), while levels of γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate in striatum and circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor did not show significant time*group effects. Micro-encapsulated probiotics target the gut differently, which impacts the effects on brain health assessed by (functional) magnetic resonance imaging in older adults. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under ID: NCT05801042.
-
Effectiveness of Psychobiotic Bifidobacterium breve BB05 in Managing Psychosomatic Diarrhea in College Students by Regulating Gut Microbiota: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Diarrhea of college students (DCS) is a prevalent issue among college students, affecting their daily lives and academic performance. This study aims to explore the potential effect of Bifidobacterium breve BB05 supplements on the DCS. Initially, fifty healthy and fifty diarrheal students were recruited in the observational experiment and allocated into control and diarrhea groups, respectively. Subsequently, one hundred diarrheal students were newly recruited in the intervention experiment and randomly allocated into placebo and probiotic groups, both treated for 2 weeks. Questionnaires (BSS, HAMA-14, and HDRS-17) were performed to assess the students' diarrheal states and mental health at baseline and post-treatment. Fecal samples underwent 16S rRNA sequencing and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to evaluate gut microbiota and fecal metabolite alternations. Results indicated that B. breve BB05 supplementation significantly enriched (p < 0.05) the reduced gut microbial diversity caused by diarrhea. Diarrhea resulted in notable alterations in gut microbiota composition, as exhibited by elevated Collinsella and Streptococcus, alongside substantially decreased Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Prevotella, while B. breve BB05 supplementation partially restored the compromised gut microbiota at both the phylum and genus levels, particularly by increasing Bifidobacterium and Roseburia (p < 0.05). Importantly, questionnaire results suggested that B. breve BB05 administration achieved superior efficacy in relieving diarrhea symptoms and the associated anxiety and depression in college students. An increased fecal concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was also observed in the probiotic group, while Acetylcholine (ACH), Epinephrine (EPI), and Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine (NANE) reduced, revealing the potential of B. breve BB05 in alleviating anxiety and depression via modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Furthermore, correlation analysis suggested that the altered microbiota and fecal neurotransmitters were closely associated with the mental symptoms. These results endorse B. breve BB05 intervention as a promising and innovative approach to alleviate both diarrhea and mental health conditions among college students.
-
Antibiotic cocktail-induced gut microbiota depletion in different stages could cause host cognitive impairment and emotional disorders in adulthood in different manners.
Gut microbiota depletion may result in cognitive impairment and emotional disorder. This study aimed to determine the possible association between host gut microbiota, cognitive function, and emotion in various life stages and its related underlying mechanisms. Seventy-five neonatal mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 15 per group). Mice in the vehicle group were administered distilled water from birth to death, and those in the last four groups were administered antibiotic cocktail from birth to death, from birth to postnatal day (PND) 21 (infancy), from PND 21 to 56 (adolescence), and from PND 57 to 84 (adulthood), respectively. Antibiotic exposure consistently altered the gut microbiota composition and decreased the diversity of gut microbiota. Proteobacteria were the predominant bacteria instead of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes after antibiotic exposure in different life stages. Long-term and infant gut microbiota depletion resulted in anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, memory impairments, and increased expression of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor α1 of adult mice. Long-term antibiotic exposure also significantly decreased serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, and corticosterone of adult mice. Gut microbiota depletion in adolescence resulted in anxiety-like behaviors, short-term memory decline, decreased serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ), mRNA expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A, and neuropeptide Y receptor Y2 in the prefrontal cortex of adult mice. Antibiotic exposure in adulthood damaged short-term memory and decreased serum IL-10, IFN-γ, and increased γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor 1 mRNA expression of adult mice. These results suggest that antibiotic-induced gut microbiota depletion in the long term and infancy resulted in the most severe cognitive and emotional disorders followed by depletion in adolescence and adulthood. These results also suggest that gut microbes could influence host cognitive function and emotion in a life stage-dependent manner by affecting the function of the immune system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and the expression of neurochemicals in the brain.
-
Engineered Probiotics Enable Targeted Gut Delivery of Dual Gasotransmitters for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains an incurable condition, often accompanied by high rates of anxiety and depression, further diminishing the quality of life of patients. Endogenous gasotransmitters, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), exhibit potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. However, their therapeutic application is limited by challenges in targeted delivery to affected tissues. Here, we propose a novel strategy for targeted gut delivery of CO/H2S through engineering Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) with CO/H2S-releasing copolymer (POSR) loading. This engineered probiotic (POSR@EcN) enhances EcN colonization in the intestine and enables controlled, localized release of CO/H2S at inflamed sites. The release of CO/H2S modulates inflammation, restores intestinal barrier integrity, and reshapes gut microbiota by promoting beneficial bacteria and increasing short-chain fatty acids production, effectively alleviating IBD symptoms. Notably, targeted CO/H2S delivery also elevates neuroprotective metabolites like indoleacetic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid, reducing neuroinflammation via the gut-brain axis and mitigating anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in IBD mice. This approach highlights the potential of EcN as a probiotic carrier for the targeted delivery of gasotransmitters, offering a promising strategy for IBD treatment.
-
[Mechanisms of exercise-induced improvement in drug addiction via gut microbiota].
Drug addiction not only involves dysfunction of the central reward system but is also accompanied by gut microbial dysbiosis. Drug abuse-associated microbial alterations primarily manifest in community composition, diversity, and metabolic function, and exhibit substance specificity. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota and its metabolites can, in turn, influence drug reward and drug-seeking behavior. Exercise, as a non-pharmacological intervention, facilitates abstinence and rehabilitation in individuals with addiction. Appropriate and sustained exercise may promote the enrichment of certain short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing taxa and improve microbial metabolic function, with these effects influenced by factors such as exercise intensity and intervention duration. Exercise may ameliorate drug addiction by modulating the gut microbiota through the following principal pathways: regulating the gut microbiota and improving intestinal barrier function to reduce endotoxin translocation and modulate peripheral and central immune responses, thereby attenuating neuroinflammation; reshaping microbial metabolic function, with signaling involving SCFAs, glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, and tryptophan metabolism contributing to the functional regulation of reward circuits such as the ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens pathway, thereby attenuating aberrant reward responses to drugs and drug-associated cues; and modulating microbiota-related neurotrophic, neuroplastic, and neurotransmitter signaling to influence prefrontal cortical and hippocampal function, promote the recovery of cognitive functions such as working memory and inhibitory control, and alleviate negative emotions including anxiety and depression. This review systematically synthesizes the interrelationships between drug abuse and gut microbial dysbiosis, exercise-induced adaptive microbial changes, and the potential mechanisms by which these changes contribute to addiction intervention. It also discusses current research limitations and future directions, including causal verification, multi-omics integration, and individualized exercise prescription, with the aim of providing a reference for mechanistic research on exercise-based drug rehabilitation and for optimizing intervention strategies.